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Morphological operations process images based on shapes. Therefore Structuring Elements are required (2D SQUARE, 3D CUBE and 3D CROSS) of a certain size (3,5,7,9).
Erosion removes pixels on object boundaries, darkens small bright areas, and very small bright areas like noise spikes or small spurs might be totally removed.
Dilation adds pixels to the boundaries, brightens small dark areas, and very small dark spots might be totally removed.
Opening (Erosion-Dilation) removes small objects from an image while preserving the shape and size of larger objects in the image. It darkens small bright areas, and may entirely remove very small bright spots like noise spikes.
Closing (Dilation-Erosion) brightens small dark areas, and may entirely remove very small dark spots.
Adds Gaussian noise with zero mean and a standard deviation Sigma to the image.